Persistent bad breath, or halitosis, is a common concern that often stems from the mouth. The most frequent cause is the buildup of bacteria on the tongue, between the teeth, and along the gum line. These bacteria release gases that have an unpleasant odour. Food particles trapped in the mouth, especially after consuming strong-smelling spices common in Indian cuisine, can also contribute.
A dentist will begin a diagnosis by checking for oral health problems like gum disease, tooth decay, or infections. They will also examine the tongue, as its surface can trap significant amounts of bacteria. If the mouth is healthy, the dentist may investigate dry mouth, where a lack of saliva prevents the natural cleaning of oral tissues, leading to odour.
Sometimes, bad breath is a symptom of issues elsewhere in the body, such as sinus infections, gastric reflux, or diabetes. If a dentist finds no dental cause for the odour, they may suggest you consult a general physician. In India, the use of betel nut or tobacco can also cause a distinct and lasting odour that requires professional advice to manage.
Diagnosis involves a conversation about your diet, habits, and medical history. Maintaining a routine of brushing twice daily and cleaning between teeth is essential, but professional help is needed if the odour persists. A dentist can provide a professional cleaning and advice on tongue scraping and hydration to help manage the condition effectively.