Wisdom teeth, or third molars, are the last teeth to emerge, usually in the late teens or early twenties. Because the human jaw has become smaller over time, there is often insufficient space for these teeth to grow in correctly. When a tooth remains stuck below the gum line or only partially emerges, it is described as being impacted. An impacted tooth can stay quiet for years without causing any immediate symptoms or obvious discomfort.
Dentists often monitor impacted wisdom teeth through regular check-ups and X-rays. If the tooth is not causing pain, damaging adjacent teeth, or showing signs of decay, a 'watch and wait' approach may be recommended. This involves checking the teeth periodically to ensure no cysts or infections are developing. Many people live their entire lives with impacted wisdom teeth that never require surgical intervention, provided they maintain excellent oral hygiene and regular dental visits.
Removal is usually considered if the impacted tooth starts causing clinical problems. Common issues include recurrent gum infections, tooth decay that cannot be treated, or if the wisdom tooth is putting pressure on the roots of the second molar. In some cases, removal is advised if a cyst forms around the tooth, which could potentially damage the jawbone. The decision is based on clinical evidence and national guidelines to ensure the benefits of surgery outweigh the risks.
The complexity of removing a wisdom tooth depends on its position and the shape of its roots. Your dentist will discuss the potential risks, such as temporary numbness or the risk of dry socket, before proceeding. If you feel pressure or pain at the back of your jaw, it is important to see a registered dentist for an assessment. They will provide a professional recommendation tailored to your specific oral health needs and long-term wellbeing.