The roots of lower wisdom teeth often lie very close to the inferior alveolar nerve, which provides sensation to the lower lip, chin, and teeth. During the removal of a wisdom tooth, there is a small risk that this nerve may be bruised or damaged. This is more common when the tooth is deeply impacted or has roots that wrap around the nerve canal. Your dentist uses X-rays or 3D scans to assess this risk before surgery.
If a nerve is affected during the procedure, you may experience a tingling sensation, numbness, or an unusual feeling in your lower lip, tongue, or chin. This is known as paraesthesia. In the vast majority of cases, this sensation is temporary and resolves as the nerve heals over a few weeks or months. However, in a very small number of instances, the altered sensation can be permanent, affecting how you feel heat or pressure in that area.
Another nerve nearby is the lingual nerve, which provides sensation and taste to the tongue. Damage to this nerve is less common but can result in similar numbness or a change in taste on one side of the tongue. Surgeons use specific techniques and careful retractors to protect these nerves during the operation. Understanding these risks is part of the informed consent process, allowing you to weigh the benefits of surgery against the potential complications.
If you notice any persistent numbness after the anaesthesia has worn off, you should inform your dentist. They will monitor your progress through regular follow-up appointments. Most nerve injuries are minor and improve on their own without further treatment. Choosing an experienced registered dentist or oral surgeon is the best way to ensure the procedure is performed with the highest level of care and precision to minimize these risks.