Oral thrush, also known as candidiasis, is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of yeast in the mouth. It typically appears as creamy white spots or patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, or the roof of the mouth. These patches can often be wiped away, sometimes leaving behind a red, sore area that may bleed slightly. A bad taste in the mouth is also common.
While the fungus that causes thrush is present in most healthy mouths, certain factors can trigger an overgrowth. Common causes include a weakened immune system, the use of antibiotics which disrupt the natural balance of mouth bacteria, or poorly controlled diabetes. Using steroid inhalers for asthma without rinsing the mouth afterwards can also increase the risk of developing this fungal infection.
Denture wearers are also susceptible to oral thrush, particularly if the dentures are not cleaned thoroughly or are worn overnight. This can lead to redness and irritation under the denture base. Maintaining excellent denture hygiene and allowing the tissues to rest at night are key preventive measures. If you wear dentures and notice persistent redness, consult your dentist for an assessment of the fit and hygiene.
Treatment for oral thrush usually involves antifungal medications prescribed by a dentist or doctor, available as gels, drops, or tablets. It is also important to address the underlying cause to prevent the infection from returning. A registered dentist can help identify these contributing factors and provide guidance on maintaining a healthy oral environment through proper cleaning techniques and lifestyle adjustments.