Tooth decay begins when bacteria in the mouth produce acid from sugary foods and drinks. This acid attacks the hard outer surface of the tooth, known as enamel. In the early stages, you may notice white spots, which indicate that the enamel is losing minerals. This process is often silent, meaning you might not feel any pain until the damage reaches deeper layers.
If the mineral loss continues, the enamel eventually breaks down, forming a permanent hole called a cavity. Once a cavity develops, it cannot heal on its own and requires professional intervention from a dentist. In India, diets high in refined carbohydrates and frequent snacking contribute significantly to the risk of developing these lesions across all age groups.
As the decay spreads deeper into the dentine, the tooth may become sensitive to hot, cold, or sweet substances. If left untreated, the bacteria can reach the central pulp, leading to severe toothache or a dental abscess. Regular check-ups are essential because a dentist can often spot early changes before they become painful or require extensive work.
To prevent decay, it is important to brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and reduce the intake of sugary snacks. Avoiding habits like chewing sweetened areca nut preparations is also beneficial for long-term oral health. Always consult a registered dentist if you notice any changes in the colour or texture of your teeth.